Planning for Cities and Climate Changeâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Write short research essay on the topic "Planning for Cities and Climate Change". Answer: Introduction The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the key challenges of city planning in context of climate change. Climate change influences infrastructure of a city from different aspects such as environmental risk and dynamic climate risk. There are various issues faced by the government while building a planned city. Environmental change prevents the government from continuously developing infrastructure of cities. Instead, government needs to take environmental measures for maintaining the infrastructure (Marcotullio 2015). It means development of cities becoming the most difficult job for the government. The study topic selected in this paper will help to identify the most effective environmental measures for making a city more structured. Apart from that, environmental measures will be identified, which can help the government to overcome such issues (Lennon 2015). The focus of this study will be to explore and document the way in which Canberra has adopted various environmental measur es. The primary issue of this research topic is the vulnerability of climate change faced by the government. From the beginning of civilization, people are moving towards development and apparently, climate change takes place. This paper will analyze the key challenges of city planning caused by environment change (Youngsteadt et al. 2015). A cohesive research on Canberras climate change will help to derive an accurate research outcome. Discussion Canberra is the capital of Australia, which has 395,000 populations. Moreover, this is one of the largest inland cities of Australia, which is exactly located at northern end of the country. The city was established in 1913 and since then government has implemented various strategy for making the city a planned city. The total are covered by the city is 2,431 km2. The city consists of 60% greenery, which is highly environmentally viable. Additionally, government has taken many measures for preventing catastrophic climate change and its negative impact on the city (Mokany et al. 2015). Following are the previous and present activities of the government along with the future planning for preventing damage due to climate change. Previous activities undertaken by government were limited to increase renewable resources and reducing global warming. The government of Australia has structures an intergovernmental panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in order to improve environmental conduction. In 2007, the association has taken an agenda for reducing global warming 2 degree (Hudson 2015). The objective of government was to reduce the global warming by 80% within 2050. In order to reduce global warming, the government was planned to reduce carbon emission and emission of other catastrophic elements. Un 2012, the government has implemented a new strategy for improving environment of Canberra (Dunn et al. 2015). In this strategy, the major goal was to increase use of renewable resources. The aim was to achieve 90% use of renewable resources. Moreover, the initiative taken by government for maintaining energy efficiency was effective in terms of city planning (Dunn, Lindesay and Howden 2015). Previous researches reviled t hat climate change affects the people of urban areas most significantly. In previous days, Canberra was a city, which was under development and therefore, it was very difficult to prevent those climate changes and improve structure of the city (den Exter, Lenhart and Kern 2015). Climate change may cause of different natural calamities for which an urban city can face different short of difficulties such as flood and earthquake. Now, the goal of the government was to develop the city for preventing such natural calamities along with the reason behind climate change (Lau et al. 2015). Presently, the government of Australia focuses on developing the city by implementing effective codes and standards. The previous strategies were developed for preventing the environmental damages (Priemus and Davoudi 2016). Currently, the government has planned to engage 100 renewable resources by 2020. Designing the urban land helps the government to understand the climate issues more cohesively. In order to reduce negative impact of climate change, the government has considered the transport emission. There are different has been implemented for reducing transport emission and therefore, the environmental code and policies are engaged over last few years (Broto, Boyd and Ensor 2015). Moreover, government has implemented innovation technologies for gathering emission data, which helps the government to monitor the environmental change of the city. The reason behind adopting technological support is to improve the previous approach of environmental protection. In previous days, gove rnment was unable to document all the activities and its impact, which can prevent the future research and development (De Paola et al. 2015). Canberra is sustainably growing towards the objectives and has achieved the objectives very well. The strategy of increasing use of renewable resources by 2020 is a successful movement. The government is about to achieve this objectives within next four years (Youngsteadt et al. 2015). Moreover, the emission reduction target of the city is successful and most effective in compare with the other cities. When it comes to the 2050 emission reduction target, Canberra is the worlds leader (Mokany et al. 2015). The government is very close to achieve the entire objectives by 2050. Currently, the major emission savings is influences by electricity industry (Broto, Boyd and Ensor 2015). Government of Australia has defined many codes and standards for improving the climate even better. The strategies and implementation of climate control. The future planning of the government is to maintain a sustainable environmental stability. Conducting research on this topic will revile the possible challenges of climate change. Apart from that, this study will show how the environmental measures of government reduce negative impact of the climate change and how it improves the city planning even better. The government of Australia has implanted different codes and strategies for prevention climate change; however, innovative technology has a positive impact on sustainability of the plan. In order to build a constructive city, the government should document the progress of the implemented strategies (Priemus and Davoudi 2016). In this manner, it will be possible to build new strategies for developing new environmental measures. As per the previous and present approach of government, it can be assumed that government will be able to achieve their environmental sustainability plan. However, this research has reviled that only electricity sector is avoiding energy misuse (den Exter, Lenhart and Kern 2015). The other industr ies are not participating to support governmental strategies. Therefore, the government needs to take a proactive approach in which most of the industries can increase use of renewable resources. Conclusion After completing this study, it can be concluded that government of Australia has implemented different strategies for improving environmental quality. The major goal of the government is to plan a constructive city for Canberra, which is the capital of Australia. The observation of governmental approach shows that the objectives for preventing environmental damage are progressive. On the other hand, the future planning for the government for maintaining environmental sustainability needs to be more objectives oriented. Increasing the use of renewable resources is the aim of the government, which is very close to the success. Canberra has almost achieved 90% use of renewable resources. On the other hand, the strategy of reducing global warming is one of the most important movements of government. The government focuses on transport emission for achieving the overall goal. This research will show the challenges faced by the government while reducing negative environmental impact. The barriers of building a constructive city due to climate change. As the climate change is the most common issue, which government face during city planning, this research will identify the potential threat and recommend possible solutions. Reference list Broto, V.C., Boyd, E. and Ensor, J., 2015. Participatory urban planning for climate change adaptation in coastal cities: lessons from a pilot experience in Maputo, Mozambique.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,13, pp.11-18. De Paola, F., Galdiero, E., Giugni, M. and Pugliese, F., 2015. Sustainable development of storm-water systems in African cities considering climate change.Procedia Engineering,119, pp.1181-1191. den Exter, R., Lenhart, J. and Kern, K., 2015. Governing climate change in Dutch cities: anchoring local climate strategies in organisation, policy and practical implementation.Local Environment,20(9), pp.1062-1080. Dunn, M.R., Lindesay, J.A. and Howden, M., 2015. Spatial and temporal scales of future climate information for climate change adaptation in viticulture: a case study of user needs in the Australian winegrape sector.Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research,21(2), pp.226-239. Hudson, M., 2015. Global warming and climate change: what Australia knew and buried then framed a new reality for the public, by Maria Taylor, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 2014, ix+ 215 pp.; no index.), AUS $28.00 (GST inclusive), ISBN 9781925021905 (print version), ISBN 9781925021912 (online).Environmental Politics,24(6), pp.1063-1064. Lau, K.K.L., Lindberg, F., Rayner, D. and Thorsson, S., 2015. The effect of urban geometry on mean radiant temperature under future climate change: a study of three European cities.International journal of biometeorology,59(7), pp.799-814. Lennon, M., 2015. Cities and Climate Change.Journal of Environmental Policy Planning,17(1), pp.146-148. Marcotullio, P.J., 2015. Book review: Cities and Climate Change.Progress in Human Geography,39(2), pp.239-242. Mokany, K., Thomson, J.J., Lynch, A.J.J., Jordan, G.J. and Ferrier, S., 2015. Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change.Ecological Applications,25(8), pp.2132-2141. Priemus, H. and Davoudi, S. eds., 2016.Climate change and sustainable cities. Routledge. Youngsteadt, E., Dale, A.G., Terando, A.J., Dunn, R.R. and Frank, S.D., 2015. Do cities simulate climate change? A comparison of herbivore response to urban and global warming.Global change biology,21(1), pp.97-105.

Essay On Rosa Parks Example For Students

Essay On Rosa Parks Rosa ParksRosa Parks is an extraordinary person because she stood up against racism andstood up for herself. It was even harder for her because she is a woman, and inthose days, things were much harder for woman. Rosa Parks hated the ways of herlife. She had always dreamed of having freedom in her life. As she grew up, shewent through different experiences that gave her courage and strength. One day, Rosa Parks had so much courage and strength that when her bus arrivedto pick her up, she got on the bus, put her money in the slot, and sat in thefront of the bus. Black people were supposed to sit in the back. The bus drivertold her to move to the back, but she just sat there and refused to move. Thedriver called the police and they arrested Rosa Parks. The next day, RaymondParks went to pick up Rosa from jail. When they got home, Rosa spoke about hertime in jail. She had stood up to get a drink of water and the guard told herthe drinking fountain was only for white people. This made her furious. On December 5, 1955 Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jr. and JoAnn Robinsonlooked out of their windows, and stood on street corners watching all of theyellow buses drive by. There were hardly any black riders since Rosa Parksarrest. It was a miracle. People stopped riding the buses all because of RosaParks. Soon, the police were informed of the people standing on the street cornerswatching the buses drive by. The police watched the streets to make sure thatthe black people were not bothering the other bus riders. They tried guardingthe bus stops. The police failed and the boycott was a success. A few monthslater, Rosa Parks once again started to climb aboard a bus. She stopped when shenoticed a sign that read, People dont ride the bus today. Dont ride the busfor freedom.Finally the rules for riding the buses were changed. 1. Black and white peoplecould sit wherever they wanted to sit. 2. Bus drivers were to respect all riders. 3. Black people were now allowed to apply for driver positions. A lot of people wrote hate mail to Rosa Parks. Some people called and threatenedher and her family. She and her family were scared. They knew they were inserious danger, but, Rosa Parks would not give up. Rosa Parks became a greathero. In 1979, Rosa Parks received the Spingarn medal. In 1980, at the 25thanniversary celebration of the bus Boycott, Rosa Parks was awarded the MartinLuther King, Jr. nonviolent-peace prize. In 1984, Rosa Parks was given theEleanor Roosevelt Woman of Courage award. Rosa Parks is known as a national heroand as a shy girl who stood up against racism and fought for freedom.

BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample - Tips for Writing a College Senior Essay

BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample - Tips for Writing a College Senior EssayUsing a BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample is one of the best ways to create a credible writing experience. This article will share with you the tips that can help you create a good and interesting essay topic that is both stimulating and intriguing.Firstly, the use of the BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample is a must for essay writers. I know this because I have used a lot of different samples and I actually created an entire essay using just one. This gives me confidence that it would be possible for you to create an engaging essay with just one.Secondly, do not forget to use your imagination when writing about your subject. In other words, it is important that you think outside the box. You might want to look up your local library's section on writing and you may even want to talk to some fellow students to see what sort of writing advice they can offer. Make sure you get your ideas from a variety of sources.Finally, if you are a college senior, you will probably have a limited amount of free time to work on your essay. However, when you use the BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample, you are going to find that you can create a challenging and engaging essay. This may also provide you with some valuable writing skills that you will use in the future.The BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample provides you with hundreds of suggestions that you can use in order to improve the content of your essay. This is a great way to keep you and your advisor happy. I am very particular about how my writing looks so the use of this writing tool is going to keep me busy for a while.Now, it goes without saying that you should read this article and remember what it has to say. There are many other things that you can use from this guide.As a college senior, you already know that your writing will be judged by the professors and other students. Your essays will also help them learn about you and y our personality. Hopefully, once they finish reading the essay, they will then be able to apply the advice that you give them to their own research or project work.The BUSA Trustee Scholarship Essay Sample can help you write a fascinating essay that will provide students with all of the information that they need to be successful in college. At least with this type of writing tool, you know that your essays will look great and that you are going to make them interesting.

Arbotech Case Essay Example

Arbotech Case Essay Example Arbotech Case Essay Arbotech Case Essay This understates inventories. 3. Manipulation of physical counts of inventory: This overstates income tax expense and net income, inventories, retained earnings and income tax payable. This understates cost of goods sold. It was a ploy to overstate inventory to reduce cost of goods sold and inflate net income. 4. Failure to write down inventories adequately for product obsolescence: This overstates income tax expense and net income, inventories, retained earnings and income tax payable. This understates cost of goods sold. 5. Inclusion of certain costs in property, plant and equipment that the firm should have expense in the period incurred: This overstates fixed assets, income tax payable, retained earnings, operating expenses. This understates income tax expense. 6. Inclusion in advances to other technology companies of amounts that represented prepaid license fees: This overstates income net income, assets and retained earnings. This understates expenses on the income sheet. . Failure to provide adequately for unconvertible amounts related to advances to other technology companies: This overstates assets, retained earnings, income tax expense and net income. 8. Failure to write down or write off investments in other technology companies: This overstates assets, retained earnings, income tax expense and net income. D. Using information in the restated financial statements in ex 6. 31-6. 33, the financial ratios in ex 6. 4 and the information provided in this case, as a commercial banker, would you be willing to offer Arboretum a line of credit as of 7/31 year 7? If so provide the conditions that would induce you to offer such a credit. The conditions to offer such a credit depends on whether the company has recognized and dealt with its accounting regularities and can Arboretum continue to maintain product growth with its customer base. The negative cash flow is not uncommon with rapidly growing companies that must invest n accounts receivables and inventories. We know that all of the companies assets and capital are already used as collaterals. In order to provide credit, the company must allow the bank to audit the financial records of the company on a consistent basis to maintain ethical standards of reporting.

Social Constructionism in Environmental Sociology Essay Example

Social Constructionism in Environmental Sociology Paper This construction of perceptions and meanings are what this essay is about. It is called social construction. The assay focuses more explicitly on the social construction Of environmental problems and issues. It does this by looking at examples of how and why certain societies can come to consider certain natural phenomena as environmental threats or issues, and asks the question of whether their perceptions are right or not. It focuses the concept of social constructionist and determines the relevance of it in environmental issues. It does this by looking at past findings of attempts at deconstructing the perceptions some societies have on their own identified environmental problems to be able to see if it helped with solutions to the problems. And lastly, it identifies criticism leveled against social constructionist in environmental sociology. All to support the following hypothesis: It is important to take the social construction aspect into consideration when looking at certain environmental problems to be able to identify hidden agendas when it comes to solving the perceived problems. But first, a brief definition of the social construction of environmental issues is necessary (As there are many- and some contradictory). It will serve as a foundation for building an understanding of what is going to be discussed. When something is socially constructed it then eggs the question of whether the threat or issue is in fact a real threat or issue because according to Hardballs and Holbrook a social construct is a product of social definitions, not natural, biological categories (2008: 752). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Constructionism in Environmental Sociology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Constructionism in Environmental Sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Constructionism in Environmental Sociology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Now according to Marsh, Keating, Punch and Harden (2009) the environment as a concept, is always contested and changing and he says that it means different things to different populations at different times. What the social construction of environmental issues and problems then means is that people in different populations perceive an issue on the environment differently from one another. An environmental issue for one society may not be one for another society. It is because they constructed their realities independent from each other. The independent development of perceptions allowed several dominant social constructs about the environment to emerge as separate independent realities. These realities were shaped and formed by power players in each society. The power players that shape a societys opinion in contemporary lifer and therefore its perspective on things are among others the media, activists, [and] scientists (Marsh et al, 2009). The following examples will illustrate how environmental issues may come to be instructed and considered important in one society, but not in another. When the media of a particular population informs its members about the poor condition of their local water, the water may have been of poor quality even before the media announced it, but since the announcement was made it has been added to the members environmental reality. In effect of the announcement the people may start buying bottled water, local government would start addressing the issue, they could create jobs to fight the issue, and certain entrepreneurs may see potential for business. All of which that loud not have happened if the media did not bring the knowledge of it into the societys reality. In another society, the media may be focusing on how behind they are economically rather than writing about water quality. Even though it has a quality similar to the other society, people does not worry about it because people arent aware of it. In both societies people dont get sick when drinking the Water, but the one society gave it an environmental issue label because of the media coverage it got. Another example is where scientists does research on something that is not considered dangerous to he environment, but after which it becomes an issue. It happens because scientists usually have an elite status. They are considered experts in their fields, and most people do not have the knowledge or qualified degree to grant them alternative knowledge which would enable them to disregard scientists opinions and findings. So when a scientist, based on his own interpretations and gained knowledge, in one society declare something as an environmental issue, the people generally respond with acceptance. Another example of a construct of an environmental issue is one from an article based n dingo management on an Australian island (Heathen, K. Burns G, 2007). They look at the Fraser Island Dingo Management Strategy (FIDS) to deconstruct key assumptions about management of dingoes on Fraser Island. What they found was that the FIDS were trying to prevent dingo aggression towards humans, and that the FIDS constructed the issue of the aggression as deriving from human-dingo interactions via feeding. The prevention techniques were composed of many ways to prevent that type of interaction. Despite that, the dingoes remained as they were, still hurting people. Heathen ND Burns concluded that the management should take to account a wider range of interpretations of human-dingo interactions (2007: 55). One can see the importance the social construction aspect has in shaping priorities of societies when looking at the above examples. It is clear that when a society does not have knowledge on a subject, it is as if it does not exist. And when making the knowledge freely available as the only relevant knowledge, the society can do no different than to accept what they are being told by power players. The construction can be deliberately created by power players in society. The government or managing scientists in a particular field can use their power to change perceptions of the society by publishing rational substantiations for their claims on a matter so that they can employ a policy or action that will benefit themselves or one that will contribute to solving a related problem of the matter without the society complaining about why they do it. It is clear from these examples that some constructed environmental issues are not real in terms true intentions as there are additional economic or monetary goals often hidden it the actions to solve he environmental problems identified by power players. This is where social constructionist in environmental sociology comes in. When social environmentalists look at an environmental issue they try to consider the social construction aspect in the origin of the issue. By doing this they are able to deconstruct what has led to the construction of the problem, and thus identify the hidden agendas associated with policies claimed to solve the problem. They can then ask the question: is it really an environmental problem if the social, cultural and economic spheres of human life are not actively affected by it? The question may leave policy makers with a conscious thought about their true agendas, and enables them to determine for themselves whether or not they will be addressing a true environmental issue or not. The study on Dingo management shows how social constructionist has deconstructed a social construction of an environmental issue to bring hidden agendas to the surface. The notion that nature should be managed by humans has led to the notion that humans are in charge of it. Humans feel that they can use and manipulate nature to generate income (like tourism to wildlife parks etc. , and that is where the problem in management comes in. The wellbeing of the nature and the economic capital it may generate produce a mixture of interests. One that wants to be green and one that wants to gain monetary profits. These two interests are contradictory because a monetary gain is sometimes gained at the expense of a green environmental gain. Now at the dingo management park, social constructionist showed why dingoes may be aggressive against humans. It showed that humans may not even belong there, or try to manage the dingoes because the fact is that dingoes are just a wild animal that react on instinct, and humans trying to control them could be causing the aggressive incidents. It showed that the management is actually catering for the safety of the humans at the expense of the dingoes (they kill dingoes deliberately to reduce their population). They cater for their safety because they bring in money, and the more safe they can make it for them, the more money they may receive. The hidden agendas (to generate monetary wealth) in the management and conservation of dingoes are actually letting dingoes getting killed instead Of getting conserved (Heathen, K. Cooper, G, 2007:48-55). Even Hough social constructionist in environmental sociology may bring the question of whether an issue is real or not under discussion when policies need to be made, it still remains just that -a question. It does not provide an answer. It is not possible to give an answer because by stating that an environmental issue is not this, but it is that, would be contradictory to what social construction stands for. That is, that people construct definitions on matter by the available knowledge they have. But knowledge is limited by a persons senses.

Gore and Florida essays

Gore and Florida essays November 7, 2000. Over a hundred million people turned out to vote for our nations president. The election was decided by 537. Twenty-five controversial electoral votes were given to George Bush, and thus giving him the presidency. I am here to inform that there is statistical evidence that shows Al Gore won the state of Florida, in turn making him our 43rd president of the United States of America. Although there are numerous studies, that haven proven the statement that Al Gore actually received more votes in Florida, there are two that I would like to focus on. One is a statistical analysis done by the Miami Herald and the other is a physical count of the uncertified ballots done by the National Opinion Research Center. The first analysis was done by non-partisan newspaper, The Miami Herald. After the election, the Miami Herald spent thirteen months on a study to see who the outright winner of the state and therefore the winner of the presidency. The outcome was astonishing. The Miami Herald reported that under a fair, full and accurate count of the ballots, Al Gore would have won the state by 23,000 votes. This report was conducted by statistically analyzing the voting behaviors of the 5,885 precincts in the state of Florida as well as analyzing the several categories of disputed votes. These categories included illegal solicitation of absentee voters, illegally duplicated votes, the confusing ballots of Palm Beach, overseas ballots and illegal votes by felons. Stephen Diog, at statistics professor at Arizona State University and head of the study, found through extensive research that Gore would receive 117,000 more votes, while Bush would only receive 75,000 more. Keep in mind that this was a conservative estimate, meaning Bush most likely received fewer votes. Pollsters and statisticians from around the country have all called this study very reasonable. ...

The Weaving Contest Between Athena and Arachne

The Weaving Contest Between Athena and Arachne While Athena was a friend to Greek heroes, she wasnt so helpful to women. The story of the weaving contest between Arachne and Athena is one of the most familiar myths about Athena, and its central theme is also popular. Greek mythology repeatedly hammers home the danger of comparing oneself with a goddess. The theme appears in the story of Cupid and Psyche, where Aphrodite is offended. While ultimately there is a happy ending, to avert Aphrodites wrath, Psyches family abandons her to death. In the mythological story of Niobe, Artemis punishes the mortal mother for boasting that she is a more fortunate mother than Artemis mother, Leto: Artemis destroys all Niobes children. The punishment Athena inflicts on her capable, but the merely mortal victim is more direct. If Arachne wants to claim to be a better weaver than Athena, so be it. Thats all shell ever be good for. Arachne Suffers a Metamorphosis The Roman poet Ovid writes about the metamorphosis Arachne suffers in his work on transformations (Metamorphoses): One at the loom so excellently skilld,That to the Goddess she refusd to yield, ( Ovid, Metamorphoses VI) In the myth, Athena challenges Arachne to a weaving contest in order to prove herself. The expert crafts goddess Athena is favorably impressed with Arachnes weaving of divine debaucheries: This the bright Goddess passionately movd,With envy saw, yet inwardly approvd.The scene of heavnly guilt with haste she tore,Nor longer the affront with patience bore;A boxen shuttle in her hand she took,And more than once Arachnes forehead struck. Athena cant tolerate the affront to her pride, though, so she turns Arachne into a spider doomed to weave forever. From the unfortunate spider-woman comes the name for the 8-legged creatures arachnids. Bulfinch on Athena (and Arachne)